Definition and basic knowledge of Climate Change and Global warming (ECOYA)

• What is climate change?

   Global warming means rising temperatures in the seas and near-surface air around the world that began in the late 19th century. From the beginning of the 21st century to 2018, the average temperature of the earth's surface rose by 0.93 ± 0.07 °C, more than two-thirds of that of 1980. It is still unclear as to the exact cause of climate warming, but scientists study that it was caused by human activities such as an increase in greenhouse gas concentrations of more than 90 percent and the use of fossil fuels.

• Why climate change is a problem?

   One of the most widely known consequences of global warming is rising sea levels. Because ice in Greenland and Antarctica is on land, melting this glacier will make it "new pouring water into the sea," increasing the volume of the ocean. Arctic polar ice in the sea does not affect the sea level just because it floats on water in the first place, but technically also raises the sea level a little bit. Such bulky polar ice is more likely to come to mind than it was originally because of the buoyancy of air cannot be ignored, and the buoyancy of water grows in salinity waters. Therefore, when it melts, it adds the volume of the sea as much as it rises. The impact is only very small compared to land glaciers. ice has a high rate of sunlight reflection, so if seawater or land is exposed to areas covered with extreme ice, it can absorb as much solar radiation as possible to promote warming. However, melting glaciers is rather trivial compared to other problems. The problem is that, as with almost all objects, water expands its volume when the temperature rises. A rise in global temperatures will inevitably cause the volume of the ocean to expand. Even if the volume of the world's oceans rises by just a few percents, the damage could be devastating. Moreover, as the volume expands, the physical characteristics of density and so on change subtly, and what it can cause is unpredictable. Gas also melts more when the temperature of the liquid decreases and is released from the liquid when the temperature rises, as shown by the more pungent cold carbonated drinks than warm carbonated drinks. Currently, there is a huge amount of greenhouse gases in the ocean and in the wetlands of the winter, which are released when the temperature rises. Once this happens, the vicious cycle of sleeping is expected to be pulled. Scientists with pessimistic views had expected this starting point to be before 2015. Of course, even if it was 2015, the risks still exist, only not immediately. To elaborate, methane gas stored in the permafrost of the tundra the zone is released as the permafrost melts. Methane gas promotes global warming. And when the permafrost (ice and snow) melts, the surface darkens, so it absorbs more solar heat. In other words, the process of accelerating global warming is repeated. The problem is that much more methane gas is buried in the sea than in the permafrost of the tundra and no one knows when it will be released. The problem raised by the melting of glaciers is that germs and viruses that have been trapped in glaciers for hundreds of thousands of years could be brought back to life. The reference article also said that rising water temperatures have allowed pests and poisonous plants and animals to live in other regions, such as the tropics, to migrate and settle in areas that could not be inhabited before, causing ecological destruction and direct damage, and these are actually happening. When glaciers melt due to global warming, freshwater leaks into the ocean in large quantities, which can disrupt the flow of the ocean currents and cause weather changes on the Earth. In other words, there is a possibility that the ice age will come in reverse, and the ice age so far is also believed to have been caused by this principle.

 

• What is the current situation?

 

   Some still argue about whether global warming by humans is true, but as mentioned above, mainstream academia is already a very strong case. Therefore, countries around the world are gathering to decide on the Kyoto Protocol, and 20 years later, the 21st General Assembly of the U.N. Framework Convention on Climate Change set goals for reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 2020. On the basis of all these agreements, we agree that rising global temperatures are caused by carbon dioxide, and we are trying to reduce emissions by trading carbon credits. At the government level in many countries, the government acknowledges that "it is reasonable to establish a policy on the premise of recognizing global warming by human beings." The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) was signed at the Rio Conference in 1992, with countries around the world including the United States officially authorizing human-induced global warming or assuming global warming is true. For reference, the UNFCCC only has a general statement that carbon dioxide emissions should be regulated, and it is the Kyoto Protocol of 1997 that specified the specific obligations of each country. The IPCC report concluded that the rise in temperature is likely due to human activity, as the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). On the fictional side, this is not the conclusion of the academic community, but the IPCC is not an institution that conducts research as a reader, but a place where thousands of scientists and other experts compile reports. In other words, the content of the IPCC report itself is based on academic positions and established theories, and in fact, most scientists agree with the content of the IPCC report. The progress of global warming is virtually a fixed route. Even if human activity is a factor, there is a limit to sanction human behavior, and it is only possible to delay the progress of climate change as much as possible.

There is no Planet B for us.
Protect or Leave